Scientific Method and Scientist Perspective View Free Essays

Science is a venture that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanation and prediction about what are the things that is happening in the world. A closely related meaning of this is Aristotle’s scientific view, which is scientific knowledge is a body of reliable knowledge that can be logically and rationally explained. Objectivity in the field of science is recognized with the property of scientific measurement that can be tested from the scientist who proposes them freely. We will write a custom essay sample on Scientific Method and Scientist Perspective View or any similar topic only for you Order Now So, it is strongly connected to the aim of testability and reproducibility. To be identified as an objective, the results of measurement must be passed on from person to person and then to be verified for third parties, to be able to understand by the objective world. In my opinion, I believe science is objective because as a scientist perspective view all explanation and prediction must be precise and accurate. And I believe scientist don’t just believe on people’s perspective view. One example of this is when religious people believed that God created everything usually scientist will not believe it without any explanation so they tend to research things that will lead them to their findings. Like the creation of human they believe that human were first apes but due to the environmental changes, this apes tend to adapt to the environment and slowly evolve in to humans. There are a lot of things that affect the objectivity of science. First, the selection of the specific object to measure is typically a subjective decision and it often involves reductionism. One example of this is in an experiment when a scientist is determining a specific finding usually he determines his finding by using subjective interpretation of quantifying terms such as â€Å"cold†, â€Å"hot†, â€Å"blue†, â€Å"tiny†, â€Å"huge†, and â€Å"small†, â€Å"large†, â€Å"gigantic†, â€Å"red†, and some other adjectives that could describe their experiment. Second is the selection of instruments and measurement methodology. Some features or qualities of the object under study will be ignored in the measurement process, and the limitations of the chosen instruments will cause data to be left out of consideration. One example of this is when a scientist wants to know the temperature of the area. He can either use the thermometer to measure directly the temperature or use the barometer to know the humidity of the air and determine the temperature. These two devices can give two different results which can result to a skewed decision. In addition absolute limits of objectivity surrounding the measurement process, can give community of researchers certain â€Å"subjective views†, and this subjectivity is therefore built in to the conceptual systems. In my opinion, we can do a lot of things to improve the objectivity of science. We can avoid the variety of subjective interpretation by using measuring tools like measuring tools like meter stick, stopwatches, thermometer, barometer, electromechanical measuring instruments like the spectrometers, voltmeters, timers, oscilloscopes and gravimeters. These devices eliminate the perspective variability of individual observers. An additional objectivity of science we can also develop the avoiding of such partiality like the cognitive bias, which is an outline of variation in judgment that happens in particular situations, cultural bias, which is the occurrence of interpreting and judging phenomena by standards innate to one’s own culture and sampling bias, is an error that causes some members of the population to not be included than others by doing random sampling and double-bind trials Random sampling is taking a number of independent observations from the same probability distribution, without involving any real population while in the other hand double-bind trials is an experimental procedure in which neither the subjects of the experiment nor the persons administering the experiment know the critical aspects of the experiment. How to cite Scientific Method and Scientist Perspective View, Essay examples

Character Formation free essay sample

Give Your Full Attention to Character Formation 10th June 2010, Chennai, India For some time now, I have been deeply thinking about the reason for the slow progress of abhyasis, and in some cases even about the lack of their progress † total lack of progress. Of course, some are progressing well, but that too is perhaps more because of the personal attention that the Master gives them rather than by their own effort, and I am not referring especially to their spiritual practice but to their lifestyle. You know, in Sahaj Marg we are always talking of the Master giving the inner piritual condition, which for him is a matter of a second, whereas character formation is the responsibility of the abhyasi. I think, in general, abhyasis conveniently think that maybe the Masters role is ninety-nine percent, or more, and the abhyasis role in personal character transformation or formation, is even less than one percent. I am forced to this, shall I say, conclusion, because that is how it appears to be, and people are not really serious about character formation or character transformation. Why I say this is because, as I said before, spirituality is given by the Master and that cannot be doubted, you see. But their outer behaviour, their outer lifestyle, the way they conduct themselves, their politeness or lack of it, and, as repeatedly pointed out to me by abhyasis from all over the world, especially the behaviour of those very close to me † what the outside world calls the inner circle. You know, I used to feel concerned, then I used to feel pained, now I really feel guilty. I feel guilty because the people close to me, my inner circle so-called, are, one and all, arrogant, proud, demanding, oppressive, authoritarian and lack politeness† one and all. Of course, I keep telling them about this. Either they smile it off or they say, Yes, yes, we will change now. But you know, recent affairs, especially when I was in Tiruppur immediately following dear brother Alay Shatters revocation of his nomination to succeed me, it has shown the raw human nature at its worst. Gossiping, condemning, blaming† always others, forgetting the principle that when you point your finger at somebody (one finger), three fingers are pointing towards yourselves. So what to do about this, you see. How to make abhyasis realize that the Masters responsibility or his, what shall we say, duty towards an abhyasi (if I should all it that), is hardly one percent † probably one thousandth or one millionth of a percent; whereas the abhyasis role, responsibility in making himself, transforming himself, should be ninety-nine percent or more. It is exactly opposite. Now, what are the consequences? People close to me think that because I keep them close to me, continue to keep them close to me, they a re blameless, they are really blameless and I am only talking for fun or to show-off or something like that, you know, like chastising a pet. And people who are away from me, but who are close to me in an inner sense, they stay away. I remember BabuJi Maharaj had a dog, Honey; and he was not fond of dogs, but it was there and it remained there. It used to run around chasing the monkeys and he used to tell me with a twinkle in his eye that, You know, Honey recognizes abhyasis, because when abhyasis come, he doesnt bark. He only barks at non-abhyasis. And, you know, I never understood the significance of BabuJi people around me, they are all the time barking, shutting doors, putting away people, using my name for everything that they do. He is ill. He is resting. He is asleep. He told us no, so on and so forth. I get letters from very, very close, devoted abhyasis who love me saying, l cannot come, and I will not come so long as I am stopped. For them too, it is a need to transform themselves, because as BabuJi once said, Two lovers cannot remain separated because the circumstances are not favourable. You know the old saying in English: Love laughs at locksmiths. It doesnt mean it only laughs at locks. The locksmith is symbolic of every circumstance that can come between the lover and the beloved. You remember the old story of the man who was so besotted with a girl that when she went out of town, he followed her. There was a river to cross, and the river was in flood. He did not know what to do and then he found something like a log of wood. He took that log of wood and went across the river; and then he found a light burning in the house on the first floor. He said, That must be my beloveds room. And he saw to his surprise a thick rope hanging, and he said, Oh, she loves me so much that she has left a rope for me, and he climbed up using it. And when he entered the room, the girl was stunned. She said, How did you come? He said Oh, there was a boat, you know, there was a log of wood; I crossed the river. And you have left this rope for me. And to their horror, they found that the log of wood was a human corpse and the rope was a python! Now, suppose that lover had been standing on the opposite side † I mean I am giving a deliberate twist in interpretation to this story. Suppose he had stood there waiting until the flood subsided? Then he found the water was muddy because it was a flooding river. He waited till the water was clear. Then he tested it to make sure that there was no contamination. Then he crossed it. What would have happened? So for devoted, loving souls who use these excuses to not come near, I must emphasize that hey are losing a great deal more than these ruffianly people who surround me and who keep people away. They too will not benefit. So what happens is that the dogs which bark at the visitors dont have anything, and the people who are turned away because the dogs are barking, they have no benefit. So lack of correct appreciation of what character transfor mation means You know, I get letters from wives about their husbands: He continues to drink, he continues to smoke, he continues to beat me. He is misbehaving with the children. I get letters from others you know, from a brother, n elder brother or a younger brother, that: My brother is still indulging in various fantasies. He watches porno movies, he indulges in self-titillation. He is masochistic, and yet to the outside world he looks something different. He will not change himself. He says these are something natural; under pressure of inner psychic needs these things happen. Then there are others who say: My children are being ill-treated. The father beats them regularly. Of course, for me it is my destiny as a wife. So you see, people must understand that sadhana does not begin and end with the morning meditation, with the evening cleaning and the night prayer. It is not the end. That is only the foundation of the practice. The superstructure of what has to be erected is a clean structure † well ventilated, that means behaviour transparent. The man is transparent. If he is a businessman, he must have stopped cheating the government by evading taxes. He must have stopped cheating by adulteration of his products. He cheating his partners, if he is a businessman. Are our people doing it? Or do they say, Sahib, that cannot be done because there would be no profit. They must understand that profit is what legitimately comes by buying and selling honestly, sincerely and correctly. Anything else you get by evading taxes, by cheating partners is robbery. I am sorry I have put it in such strong terms but our friends from the business community, our abhyasis, they often satisfy themselves by saying, Yeh hoga nahin, Saab, kabhi † this is not possible. Business cannot be done this way. I say, the whole world is doing business this way. Why you cannot do it? Then a man says, No, no, Sir. My wife denies me everything. She wont give me proper food. He doesnt talk about sex, which is the main thing between a husband and wife in our society. If that is denied, marriage is a failure. Is there a proper way of conducting your marital life, whether it is social or sexual or in any way else, to be harmonious? Should a man not respect his wifes needs, her privacy, her health condition, her moods, or Just insist on what we call in India in our legal language [as] his marital rights that she must be available any time of the day, twenty-four into seven into three hundred and sixty-six † day or night it doesnt matter. I was horrified to hear a story from an abhyasi long ago that after her child was born, on the third day or fourth day her husband demanded sex. Third or fourth day! Now whether he is a husband or an animal or a brute, who is to say? He says, Its my right. Its an interpretation solely to the purpose of a, shall we say, crazy fellow who has sufficient power to enforce his will upon another, to use the principles of marriage to his own purpose and ignoring completely that she may have Just had a child. It doesnt matter. So what? She is a woman, isnt she? So those of you who are going to listen to this, I dont know how you will take all this. But, you know, I should have spoken about this years ago. But I was perhaps too optimistic or too foolish or perhaps even too fraid to put across these ideas to my abhyasis and tell them: Sisters and brothers, this is what is required of you. Always love. Love does not mean lust. Love means giving; love does not mean taking. Love means consideration for others; not a selfish concern for your own self and what you need and what you want. Love means, your income (legitimate), is yours; nothing more. Love means, in a partnership in business, if it is an equal partnership I cannot rob others. Suppose they rob me? Love means first and foremost putting yourself in the place of another before you speak and before you act. If these things are not followed and applied to your own life, dear brothers and sisters, whatever may be the spiritual input that our Master gives us, graces us with, blesses us with, will be lost. Because it is my samskara that I will carry with me into my next life, God forbid if there is a next life, and they are governed by what we do here, what we think here, which is how samskaras are born. So I say, beware, be alert, understand these principles properly, apply them to your own life, examine yourself. If necessary, in your diary be very frank and say, l have stopped beating my wife. Truth, if it is the truth. l have stopped telling lies to my partners. I have stopped cheating. I have stopped adulterating. I have stopped self-titillating. I have stopped beating my children. All these are relevant to your spiritual diary, if you want to be honest about it, so that anybody can read what you have written. Then only you will be aware. Because now, you know, we live in the secrecy of our personality is what I show to the outside world. My true self is inside, secret, safely buried, and I am blissfully thinking that by Masters grace I will evolve, I will go to the Brighter World, et cetera, et cetera, et cetera. The Master is magnanimous. He loves us, he wants to give us everything that he has, but his limitation is that unless the vessel is clean he cannot put anything else into it. We are in a situation where the Master gives us, let us say, a hundred gallon tank of milk, and two drops of poison which is our contribution, ruins it. It is so potent † human will, human endeavour is so potent. As BabuJi said, You can train a lion to do what you want in six months. But its impossible to train a human being over a whole lifetime unless he or she cooperates. What is the cooperation that I am now trying to emphasize that an bhyasi should offer to the Master? Full attention to character transformation, knowing that the spiritual part is being attended to by him, meticulously, every moment of our life, with total concern for our spiritual welfare and our future. I exhort all of you who will listen to this to take it seriously; if necessary, read this again and again if it is available in wri tten form, and apply it every moment of your life. Think ten times before you address your friend. Think twenty times before you refuse somebody entry into my place to meet me. Do not shout; imagine what it would be like if somebody shouted at you. Do not push people; you dont like to be pushed. Do not force yourself on your wife. And do not make negative comments all the time. There is no salt in this, there is no sugar in this. You are ugly, you know I dont want to see anything in you. Because, by force of circumstances, call it health, call it whatever it is, I really cannot see any of you now, beyond six feet, and my seeing your spiritual condition if I am able to do it, is of no use, because what is going to carry you into the next level of spiritual welfare, spiritual achievement, is you yourself. I pray for all of you .

ASAM 20 essays

ASAM 20 essays One of the original arguments for adding a Bill of Rights to the United States Constitution was that it was needed to protect individuals and minority groups from a potential tyranny of the majority. Whether it was the European Americans, African ­Americans, Native Americans, or the Japanese Americans the Bill of Rights was established to benefit all Americans, and only Americans. It dealt with individual liberties, as well as the boundaries between federal and state authority. Hoping to build a strong bond between Americans, the Bill of Rights failed. Article Fifteen states: The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. For an American, there should be no problem. However, this was not always the case. For a time African Americans were unable to vote, and Slavery was well over; however they were still unable to vote. There are many examples of minority injustice in the unites States, but perhaps that strongest example was when the Japanese Americans were forced into internment Camps. Japan's surprise attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 caused the United States to enter World War I. It also stirred hostility against Japanese people in the United States. Many Americans associated Japanese Americans with the Japanese pilots who destroyed U.S. Navy ships. The Executive Order 9066, signed by FDR in 1942, was designed to designate military areasfrom which any or all persons may be excluded. Curfews were established for the Japanese Americans, and they were confined to detention camps until their loyalty could be determined. More than 100,000 Japanese Americans were confined in ten detention camps scattered over seven states including:Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Idaho, Utah, and Wyoming. As a result, the lives of Japanese Americans were completely turned upside down. They ...

Journalism in all the President’s Men (Essay)

Journalism in all the President’s Men (Essay) Journalism in all the President’s Men For more than thirty-five years, All the Presidents Men (1976) has been a must-see movie for every reporter, whether upcoming or experienced. The movie blends the background of the Watergate scandal in the times of Nixon administration and the fundamental principles of journalism. The viewers see the ideal time of reporting when ambitious and dedicated journalists follow the money and try to bring out the criminals into open, notwithstanding how high-ranking they are. The style of investigative reporting in the movie is aggressive and unbiased. It is greatly romanticized as it shows search for the truth which eventually leads to stunning revelations and makes names for the duo of the Washington Posts journalists. All the Presidents Men is capable of inspiring a young person to choose the career of a reporter since the main characters are represented in the most favorable light. Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward demonstrate how to do the job in the proper way. They set an example of persistence, critical thinking, natural and concise searching examinations and getting answers to confirm their guesses. They behave in both passionate and impersonal way which reveals their in-depth knowledge of psychology. In addition, the movie shows that one of the most essential qualities of a journalist is the ability to trust the instincts. The movie All the Presidents Men serves not only as an entertaining or instructive means of spending spare time, but as a visual textbook on journalism. It reveals the major objective of the journalists job and the power of journalism as it is. Helping the society to be transparent, reporting on the most burning issues that matter to the public, fighting for the truth and justice are the functions of every committed journalist whose ambition is not to earn more, but to serve the country and the community.

EDMA 610 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

EDMA 610 - Assignment Example Job design is how a job is organized. It contains the duties and responsibilities of the job, the way the job should be done and the relation of the holder to colleagues. The differences between job analysis and job deign is that whereas job analysis involves an investigation, job design involves already established properties of the job. 1. Ranking method of job evaluation is a simple arranged in order of their merit or value to the organization. Jobs are ranked according to the relative difficulty in performing them. The jobs at the top have the highest value and the bottom has the lowest value. It is subjective in nature cannot be used in large organizations. 2. Factor comparison method of job evaluation is a complex method. It systematic and scientific processes. The job is analyzed according to factors, for example skill involved in the job, mental and physical requirements, working conditions among others. After which key jobs are selected. Key jobs are those jobs whose wage rate the management considers as correct. Other job wages are fixed putting the key job factors into consideration. It is a consistent method. 3. Point method of job evaluation begins with the breakdown of jobs into key factors. Points are assigned to each factor in order of importance of the duties and responsibilities involved in the job. Totals of the points are made. Jobs with similar point totals are placed in the same pay grades. 4. Classification method of job evaluation places jobs according to classes. The classes are according to the skills and training involved in the job. Classes start from class one made of managerial positions, the last class being the unskilled. It is less subjective method and is easy to understand. A good working condition is one that provides comfort to the employees so as to do their best. There are certain practices a company should adopt to make the work

Comparing and contrasting HMO and PPO insurance programs Essay

Comparing and contrasting HMO and PPO insurance programs - Essay Example Whenever a policyholder needs the services of a specialist doctor, the PCP needs to be visited to refer the specialist to be visited by the policyholder, HMO or PPO. Difference between HMO and PPO comes in the PCP aspect. For HMO, there is no choice; the member has to identify a PCP but in PPO, it is not mandatory. It depends on the will of the members to choose a PCP or not. In other words, the PPO members can select a specialist by their own (Daltons, 2007). Personally, I would like to opt for HMO, reason being it suits my needs. I do not need to search for any specialist myself. Whosoever the specialist, I will be referred to by the PCP; it would relieve me from the tension of finding a good specialist. It is cost-effective also, as I will be eligible for coverage or benefits, not available in PPO for getting medical care outside of the private network. I need not pay from my own pocket if I select HMO, as my healthcare insurance provider (Dalton, 2007). It needs to be noted that a PPO member will not pay extra if the chosen doctor is from the preferred providers, but the HMO member can consult only the selected PCP. If there is some emergency, the selected PCP would refer the case to the specialist in the HMO network only. In the case of PPO, advanced permission might be required for costly services, such as MRIs. Even in HMO, procedures and prescription services and copayments for doctor visits are charged. In PPO arrangement, out-of-network charges are only partly paid (Behari, 2010). Role of the PCP is very critical in HMO, as it is the PCP who caters to all healthcare needs of the insurer. A PCP functions as a personal doctor to attend to all needs of the patient. A PCP could either be an internal medicine physician, family physician, and in some HMOs, gynecologists to offer essential healthcare for women. A PCP can be a pediatrician too or a family doctor as well, as per one’s choice for getting treatment for

Definition of educaton Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Definition of educaton - Essay Example The first and foremost important requirement for any educated person is knowledge as it is required in order to make any decisions about what to do, say or believe. This knowledge should encompass both fundamental or foundational knowledge as well as non-foundational knowledge. The former includes matters which are basic such as the earth we live in and the matter surrounding us. However this information may not be of any practical value but they will definitely help people to gain an understanding about reality and their surroundings and also will lead to further inquiries. The non-foundational knowledge is more specific, limited and detailed in nature such as knowing the composition of common salt or understanding the functioning of the human system. Individuals should definitely possess the foundational knowledge as it sows the seeds for further reasoning and inquiry. In addition to possessing knowledge educated people should also have the skills and abilities that will help them to apply their knowledge to practical use. This includes skills to do work, speak, listen and think. The right thinking skills will enable a person to make rational and intelligent decisions. The thinking skills include a general and a specific component.