20 Obscure Rhetorical Terms and Figures of Speech

20 Obscure Rhetorical Terms and Figures of Speech You likely know numerous sayings, such terms as analogy and metonymy, incongruity and modest representation of the truth all the explanatory terms that you most likely learned in school. Be that as it may, shouldn't something be said about a portion of the less recognizable figures and tropes? There are several them, after all. And while we may not perceive their names, we utilize and hear a decent number of these gadgets consistently. So lets investigate 20 exceptional words (the vast majority of them Latin or Greek) for some genuinely regular expository methodologies. Accismusâ -Coyness; a type of incongruity where an individual pretends an absence of enthusiasm for something that the individual in question really desires.Anadiplosis -Repetition of the final expression of one line or condition to start the next.Apophasis -Emphasizing a point by appearing to ignore it-that is, referencing something while at the same time disavowing any expectation of referencing it.Aposiopesis -An incomplete idea or broken sentence.Bdelygmia -A reiteration of misuse a progression of basic designations, portrayals, or attributes.Boosting -A verb-modifying development used to help a case or express a perspective all the more self-assuredly and convincingly.Chleuasmos - A wry answer that derides an adversary, leaving the person in question without an answer.Dehortatio - Dissuasive counsel offered with authority.Diatyposis -Recommending valuable statutes or guidance to somebody else.Epexegesis -Adding words or expressions to additionally explain or i ndicate an announcement as of now made.Epimone -Frequent redundancy of an expression or question; harping on a point.Epizeuxis -Repetition of a word or expression for accentuation (as a rule without any words in the middle). Hypocrisisâ -Exaggerating the motions or discourse propensities for another so as to ridicule him.Paronomasia - Punning, playing with words.Prolepsis -​A metaphorical gadget by which a future occasion is attempted to have as of now occurred.Skotison -Intentionally cloud discourse or composing, intended to confound a group of people instead of explain an issue.Synathroesmus -The accumulating of descriptors, regularly in the soul of invective.Tapinosis -Name calling; undignified language that degrades an individual or thing.Tetracolon Climaxâ -A progression of four individuals, as a rule in equal form.Zeugma -Use of a word to alter or administer at least two words in spite of the fact that its utilization might be linguistically or sensibly right with just one.

Changes in Network Structure and Ownership of US Broadcast Television Essay

Changes in Network Structure and Ownership of US Broadcast Television - Essay Example Generally the US media business was guided by the sheer moral measures of good programming and substance introduction. The systems received the fundamental rule of understanding the watchers as the proprietors of the air and had been giving them programs regarding them as sovereigns.The United States Broadcast Television industry has experienced a gigantic change over the most recent couple of years because of different components like move in the watchers' media-utilization propensities, mechanical headways bringing about new advanced items and decrease in the promoting income. Getting crowd, clutching them and to adapt on the crowd have become extreme occupations for the Broad Cast organizations with the appearance of Internet locales like YouTube that offer TV programming incorporating appears from NBC with minimal monetary profit for the systems. The net functions as well as all the media organizations are confronting the brunt because of the dubious eventual fate of the media bu siness. Before the year 2006 TV organizations benefitted for the most part from creating, dispersing and selling TV content. Achievement in those regions implied higher benefits and returns for the partners. Anyway this pattern had changed with the interruption of online stores and an assortment of computerized stages with which the TV media needed to contend. This paper makes an examination with respect to how this situation has required changes in the system structure and responsibility for Broadcast Television industry.Traditionally the US media business was guided by the sheer moral norms of good programming and substance introduction. The systems received the essential guideline of understanding the watchers as the proprietors of the air and had been giving them programs regarding them as sovereigns. Giving genuine amusement was the sole business saying of the system organizations. Standards of free venture framework guided the system organizations to communicate programs with qualities and business promoting shaped a minor piece of these performers. In any case, with the approach of web the circumstance expressed floating and the promoting incomes began declining Confronted with rivalry from a variety of computerized contenders, which produce substance of their own and here and there even convey organize programming, TV organizations have seen their incomes shrivel, alongside the certainty of conventional Wall Street financial specialists. (Anne Becker 2007) The opposition from the advanced contenders was the significant obstacle for the system organizations to keep on enduring strongly as this opposition fired gobbling up their publicizing income. This resounded in the nature of the substance and programming aptitude of the system organizations as even the bigger ones needed to fall back on work slices and couldn't hold genuine gifts by paying heavy pay rates and advantages. 3.0 Effect of Reduction in Advertising Revenues on Network Companies: One of the serious issues recognized as prompting the decrease in the incomes to the net work organizations is the decrease in the promoting incomes. As against the expansion in the advertisement spending for the web was anticipated to scale up to 13 percent in 2006 the system TV publicizing stayed level with no expansion and paper promoting fell 3 percent as indicated by a report by TNS Media Intelligence. Such extraordinary changes in the incomes had constrained the significant system organizations to eliminate the positions and in this manner lessen the expense to build the gainfulness. NBCU declared its cutbacks after its communicate organize dropped over 15% in the grown-ups 18-49 segment more than two back to back seasons and the organization saw its benefit fall 10% during second from last quarter 2006. (Anne Becker 2007) Similarly MTVN has likewise depended on work cuts after the offer cost of its parent organization Viacom fell over the previous year. MTNV had expelled all t he staff from its two link systems, giving their duties to different staff members at MTV and VH1. 4.0 Commercials and the Web locales: Another significant factor which needs thought in falling incomes of the system Television organizations is the move in the publicizing supports depending on web media than the Television media. Alex Mindlin (2007)

BPD Distress Tolerance Skills

BPD Distress Tolerance Skills BPD Living With BPD Print BPD Distress Tolerance Skills By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Updated on September 22, 2019 Tom Merton / Getty Images More in BPD Living With BPD Diagnosis Treatment Related Conditions Distress tolerance skills training is a core feature of dialectical  behavior therapy for borderline personality disorder (BPD). The distress tolerance skills are meant to reduce impulsive behavior which can often result from an inability to tolerate strong emotions. What Are Distress Tolerance Skills? The distress tolerance skills are a set of tools that will help you manage intense emotional states without doing anything destructive. Be aware that these skills will not necessarily wash away the emotional pain you are feeling or even make you feel less distressed. Instead, the goal of these skills is to prevent you from doing something that will make the situation worse. These skills are best used when you are faced with a situation that you can’t fixâ€"there are many events in our life that we can’t change, but that cause tremendous pain. In these situations, distress tolerance skills can be critically important. Why These Skills Are Important One of the most destructive symptoms of borderline personality disorder is impulsive behavior. Many people with BPD have problems with substance abuse, alcohol abuse, overspending, reckless driving, physical violence, and impulsive sex. In many cases, all of these impulsive behaviors are preceded by strong emotions. Here’s how this works: You have a strong emotion that is triggered by some event (e.g., rejection by a loved one).You feel and believe that the emotion is intolerable (e.g., “I cannot stand this feeling.”)You engage in impulsive behaviors in order to reduce the seemingly intolerable emotion (e.g., drink alcohol).The behavior is reinforced because it works in the short term (e.g., you feel better temporarily).Once the temporary effects of the impulsive behavior have worn off, you feel worse because: (a) the thing that was causing you to feel bad in the first place hasn’t gone away, and (b) now you feel shameful about the impulsive behavior and its destructive consequences. As you can see, impulsive behaviors are a pretty unhealthy way to deal with strong emotions, because while they sometimes “work” in the short-term (e.g., reduce distress), in the long term they actually make things worse. So, distress tolerance skills are an alternative to this cycle. These skills help you get through the emotional pain without doing anything impulsive. In the long run, these skills lead to a healthier pattern and reduce psychological distress. You are no longer engaging in destructive acts. How to Learn Distress Tolerance Skills The best way to learn the distress tolerance skills is to find a trained DPT practitioner in your area. In Dialectical Behavior Therapy, you will attend group skills training classes in which you will learn four types of skills: mindfulness skills, emotion regulation skills, distress tolerance skills, and interpersonal effectiveness skills. In addition, you will practice these skills in your day-to-day life and get support from an individual DBT therapist. DBT programs are highly effective in reducing some of the key features of borderline personality disorder. You can try a few exercises that might help you begin to work on your distress tolerance skills, including tools for accepting your emotions, the Pros and Cons Tool, mindful breathing.

Group Counseling - 824 Words

Introduction Group counseling can be appealing, but it involves solving a problem common in the group. The goals should be listed to ensure that the counselors achieve their goals, proper research and evaluation should be done before choosing a group. Observation is also critical because it helps the counselor aware of the group process. Group process is a sub- conscious process that takes place within a group as a whole; it involves personal and interpersonal process. Groups involve integration process, which involves emphasis, on a structured delivery of certain content. Group counseling is effective because it enhances self awareness and exploration as they aid one to be congruent. Description of the group The group developed in this article, is a short- term counseling group which takes up to eight weeks, it aims at developing personal growth in treating dependency on tobacco, and alternative tobacco uses. Alternative tobacco uses include; smokeless tobacco, hookah and cigars. The topic is chosen because; tobacco is identified as a cause of mortality and morbidity rate causing an immense burden to the society while it is the most preventable cause. The topic is also chosen because adolescent smokers have a higher likelihood of establishing tobacco use and dependency in later life. Clinicians have recommended different forms of treatment to tobacco dependency, which include, counseling services and pharmacotherapy. Short- term counseling will be pivotal inShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of Group Counseling Essay2508 Words   |  11 PagesEthics in Group Counseling Group counseling may be adverted to as a course of counseling, which takes a group of people coming together under one or more trained therapists, who simultaneously facilitate them and promote them to help one another to overcome their challenges. The group members are usually peers who may not necessarily face the same problem, but their problems may be linked. According to Jacobs, Masson, Harvill and Schimmel (2012), all members in a counseling group wish and desireRead MoreGroup Counseling1524 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: Growing Trends in Group Counseling Growing Trends in Group Counseling: Ethical and Technological Issues that Effect Vocational Rehabilitation Term Paper By Diadra McGraw 546 Group Counseling Dr. B. Canfield February 26, 2008 Abstract This paper explores the different ways in which group counseling can be used for the purpose of Vocational Rehabilitation. It also gives detailed information of how technology can be used in group counseling during Vocational RehabilitationRead MoreGroup Counseling : A Group822 Words   |  4 Pageslearned throughout this group-counseling course. Topics discuss significant things this writer has learned about group counseling, about herself as a group leader, skills and experiences to develop, current strengths and weakness in leading group and types of groups this writer is interested in leading. Group Counseling The most significant thing this writer has learned about group counseling in this course is that the process is the groups’. When the process is the groups’, as sessions progressRead MoreGroup Discussion On Group Counseling855 Words   |  4 Pages Group Facilitator Reflection So far, I have cooperated with one of my cohort to facilitate the small group discussion in the course, Group Counseling. The two group discussions we led were aimed at encouraging the members to share their feelings and disclose some of their personal experiences. However, the approaches we adopted for these two sessions were different. The topic of the first session was what inspired you to going into the counseling field. We thought it might be a good topicRead MoreGroup Counseling For Widowed Men Essay2085 Words   |  9 PagesGroup Counseling For Widowed Men Over Sixty Years For a long time the debate has waged on as to what is the best means for those grieving or the bereaved to cope with the pain and loss of their situation. Though most people opt for the medical approach where they consult a medical professional, there have been those who argue for another different approach that is the use of support groups. This is a term used to refer to counseling frameworks where the grieving are grouped into units composed ofRead MoreMy Experience With Group Counseling Essay1514 Words   |  7 PagesInitially I was very optimistic about taking this class; intrigued by the idea of leading a group and curious about its intricacies. Although, I was naively unaware of the true complexities involved in the whole process. Nonetheless, I was willing to weather the storm; enthusiastic about the idea of exploring new ground. However, as I reflect on my journey, I truly appreciate how this experience has enhanced my repertoire of essential tools; necessary for my prospec tive journey. The benefits of thisRead MoreTheory Of Group Counseling Paper1438 Words   |  6 Pages Theory of Group Counseling Paper Alex Dossett CHRD 766; Group Counseling South Dakota State University Describe how your experience of the leading, participating in, or observing groups have informed or influenced you regarding your own group leadership skills, leadership style, and perception about groups; Describe your perspectives about the functions of a therapeutic group in assisting client changes; Discuss the elements or factors contributing to the development of the group, and changesRead MoreGroup Counseling Reflection Paper4779 Words   |  20 PagesStudies in Counseling Reflection CPY 540 Paladino: Advanced Theory and Practice of Group Counseling As I reflect upon my experience as a group leader in this class, I learned that therapeutic factors can be group driven or facilitated by the group leader. Cohesion stood as a vital aspect of an effective group, and I realized that as a group leader I needed not only to facilitate the group but to remain as a vital part of the group to assure cohesion. By subsisting as an effective group leader, IRead MoreReflection Of Group Counseling Process And Mental Health Group Activities829 Words   |  4 PagesA Reflection of Group Counseling Process and Mental Health Group Activities One might say the best teachers are the ones who go over and beyond the call of duty to assist their children. This idea could especially be proven true given the factors that are affecting the social and academic capabilities of the students we teach on a daily basis. One emerging, yet commonly overlooked factor is mental health. Mental health is one of those issues seen to be taboo in schools but is becoming a widespreadRead MoreGroup Dynamics : An Important And Therapeutic Aspect Of Counseling Settings For Any Populations1400 Words   |  6 Pages Group dynamics is an important and therapeutic aspect in counseling settings for any populations. For instance, groups can unfold in any setting to distinct populations such as schools, private practices, and or communities. However what each group initially has in common is the interactive experience of expressing and sharing certain aspects with other individuals. In fact, group dynamics can be defined as the â€Å"interactions tha t influence the attitudes and behavior of people when they are grouped

Toni Morrison s Beloved, Traumatic Memories From The Past...

Within America’s history there are sixty million and more African Americans with untold stories lost forever. To those voiceless, the cruelties of slavery brought suffering and loss. Cruelty involves causing pain to another, but at its core it has a much more deeper meaning; it is when an advantage over another being is unnecessarily used to inflict lasting damage and humiliation out of pleasure and self-fulfillment from the perpetrator. As seen in author Toni Morrison’s novel, Beloved, traumatic memories from the past linger among the characters as they try to deal with slavery’s scars and move forward in life. Cruelty appears in the novel through the people who profited from dehumanizing slaves and the victims who lived under oppression, which shows how a white supremacist society can have harmful long-term effects on a person’s psyche in relation to behavior and self-image. A main issue that occurred among former slaves was the difficult rebuilding of identity since they were made to feel like nothing more than cattle under the slavery system. African Americans laid in the mercy of their owners who methodically broke down the spirits of the enslaved until they lost all hope of obtaining individuality. Former slave and Sweet Home inhabitant, Paul D, expressed anguish over feeling dehumanized in the lines, â€Å"Schoolteacher changed me. I was something else and that something was less than a chicken sitting in the sun on a tub† (72). To feel worth less than a chickenShow MoreRelatedBeloved Essay3346 Words   |  14 PagesBeloved Essay In today’s modernized world, it is crucial to be able to comprehend and recognize conflicts dealing with racial tensions due to the increased growth of diversity in nations all over the world. Countries like North America are inhabited by people of different backgrounds, cultures, and colors. Since there is intermingling among everyone, the differences between the diverse ethnic backgrounds could stir up trouble which can lead to serious skirmishes like Watts Rebellion in 1965. To

The work Free Essays

The goal of MapleBear schools is to establish an enthusiasm for learning and knowledge in young children that will serve as a foundation for future uccess in the education system and in I Premium327 Words2 Pages Welcome Speech Welcome speech Good Evening/Afternoon everybody! I am extremely honoured to have the chance to address you in this prestigious moment when our institution, VC Kumaran Memorial School celebrates its 33rd Annual Day today. This is so precious moment for us because aside from the fact this funced each and every inch of this stage, be so hesitant to come up here and speak. What I am about to do is absolutely Premium978 Words4 Pages Farewell Welcome Speech â€Å"Goodbyes are hard. We will write a custom essay sample on The work or any similar topic only for you Order Now It may be harder for the person leaving, but it’s always hardest or the one being left behind. † Welcome everyone to this special occasion. This event is bitter-sweet occasion. It is very sad to say good-bye to our classes 10-A and 11-C who are ending their remarkable J Premium284 Words2 Pages School Speech Dear Principal, Teachers, Parent and children a very good evening to you all. It is my pleasure to be here today. Being invited to be the Chief Guest at the must be one of the high points of any parent’s life. I was a student many years ago and indeed it’s a great honour to be abl Premium313 Words2 Pages School Speech by Chief Guest Draft speech of Mrs. D. Purandeswari, MOS-HRD (HE) as Chief Guest on the occasion of the Annual Day of the Rainbow Concept School, Mahaboobnagar, A. P on 9th February, 2007 at 5. 30 p. m. It gives me immense pleasure to be here this evening and to address the young students of the Rainbow Concept Sc Premium1998 Words8 Pages School Day discover as the colours of cultural feast unfold ! Premium308 Words2 Pages Annual Sports Day My School Sports Day Games are compulsory in every school as physical development along with mental development is essential. All students are not necessarily good in studies. Some are good in sports. Much to the Joy of each students the Sports Day is one of the major events in the school. How to cite The work, Papers

Strategic Marketing free essay sample

Oberoi Hotels Resorts are known for their promising right blend of service, luxury, quiet efficiency and internationally recognized for all-round excellence and unparalleled levels of service. A distinctive feature of The Groups hotels is their highly motivated and well trained staff that provides the kind of attentive, personalized and warm service that is rare today. The Groups new luxury hotels have established a reputation for redefining the paradigm of luxury and excellence in service amongst leisure hotels around the world. Another brand under the Oberoi’s is the Trident hotels, these five-star hotels that have established a reputation for excellence and are acknowledged for offering quality and value. These hotels combine state of the art facilities and warm and friendly service in a relaxed environment, making them the ideal choice for business and leisure travelers. The Groups commitment to excellence, attention to detail and personalized service has ensured a loyal list of guests and accolades in the worldwide hospitality industry (www. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Marketing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page oberoihotels. com). Le Meridian: Le Meridian is a brand name owned by Starwood Hotels. Mixing contemporary culture with its European heritage, Le Meridian creates a culturally refined, meaningful and stimulating atmosphere which inspires participants to celebrate the beauty of a moment and the possibilities for insight that live within common occurrences. Strategic Marketing free essay sample Executive Summary This paper discusses the strategic marketing of Sa Sa International Holdings Limited, a leading beauty retail and service group in Asia by analyzing its competitive advantages, marketing strategies, industry environment, major challenges and followed by some problem solvers. Sa Sa has four major competitive advantages. First, she can offer competitive prices for her long-term relationship with suppliers. Besides, excellent service with number of recognized winning awards accounts for another advantage. In addition, she has long-established network with 80 retail utlets in prime Asian countries and on-line presence. Also, she has well-established branding beauty expert in Hong Kong as well as in Mainland China. Among four of them, her relationship with suppliers and excellent service allow her to gain sustainable competitive advantage over major competitors. Throughout Porters Five Forces analysis (Porter, 1980) and SWOT analysis, the industry is still attractive with moderate competitive environment. However, the increasing rental fee and operating cost in major market Hong Kong is a big challenge to Sa Sa. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Marketing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In addition, brand witching is another challenge for her whereas low operation efficiency imposes worries on the organization. As for beauty industry in Sa Sas major market, Hong Kong is in the maturity stage in product life cycle, some of the current marketing strategies can synergize while others cannot. The width of her product mix is large but she should continue to build more exclusive brand and put efforts on add-valued services. In pricing, she manages to offer competitive prices with regular promotion offer. And, in promotion, she has TVC and thematic print advertising to support orporate image and two exclusive brands but promotion program to increase brand loyalty, like CRM is lacking currently. For the distribution, she is on the right track to have extensive distribution, like market expansion to China and Korea through on- line platform. Four major problem solvers are suggested based on SWOT matrix. First, CRM, customer relationship management is a way to increase customers brand loyalty and also can help prolonging customers life-time value in synergy with her beauty service. Then, it is essential to increase her operation efficiencies, so ERP ystem is suggested to enhance the operation system whilst six sigma project can be introduced to help enhancing operation processes. And, continuous market expansion in potential area, China is another way to lower the overall organization operating cost. Finally, Sa Sas global sourcing and purchasing team helps to find high quality products so as to give more competitive edge to the organization. Introduction Sa Sa International Holding Limited, a leading cosmetic retailing and beauty services group in Asia, which was first set up in 1978 and listed on Hong Kong Stock Exchange n 1997 with US 337 million turnover in 05/06. Her scopes of business include retailing and wholesaling of over 400 brands with 83 stores in 5 Asian countries and both private-labels and sole-distributorship and also beauty services. Retailing and wholesaling business accounts for over 90% of the business, so the marketing analysis will focus on this core business. Throughout the discussion, first of all, Sa Sas competitive advantages will be discussed, followed by industry analysis and organizations internal and external factors. Then, Sa Sas opportunity statements and challenges can be visualized. Afterwards, the marketing strategies followed by suggested problem solvers will also be covered. a. Sa Sas competitive advantages Schendel (1994) stated that competitive advantage had become a central matter to understand and explain in terms of causality, which indicated that competitive advantage is the crux of one organizations survival. Sa Sa has managed to have four major competitive advantages over competitors. Firstly, her well-established network and relationship with suppliers give her strong bargaining power, so she can offer competitive prices to consumer. Together with her own global sourcing and urchasing team, the organization manages to have exclusive brands and private labels, it increases the brand selections for consumers and add more exclusivity for Sa Sa. Clear positioning with her Beauty Expert branding, consumers know Sa Sa well as one-stop stores filling with top international brands. Souths (1981) definition on competitive advantage can explain this well, Ã'› Philosophy of choosing only those competitive arenas where victories are clearly achieveable And, she has extended the Beauty Expert image with strong association on social responsibilities, like onations, social services and supporting China project. Besides, her excellent service with number of recognized winning awards is crucial to her continued success of its operations and business expansion. Lastly, she has long-established network with 80 retail outlets in prime Asian countries, including Hong Kong, China, Malaysia, Taiwan and Singapore. She also developed her on-line platform in 2000 and currently has 3 languages available, Chinese, English and Korean, which helps to expand her business to more overseas market. Among several competitive advantages, Sa Sas ability on global sourcing and excellent relationship with uppliers and excellent service allow her to gain sustainable competitive advantages over major competitors, which means she can lead persistent superior economic performance (Porter, 1985). It can be further proved in 05/06 annual performance, Sa Sa outranged major competitor Bonjour whom recorded negative operating profit for the year. . Analysis of the industry To have a glance at Sa Sas current situation, first attention should be paid to the attractiveness of the retail beauty industry in major market, Hong Kong and China. Michael Porter identified five forces that determine the intrinsic long-run profit ttractiveness of a market segment (Porter, 1980). There are numerous competitors but only a few stro ng competitors in the market, for instance, Bonjour Holdings Limited, the major competitor of Sa Sa, recorded negative operating profit in last financial year. The market growth in Hong Kong is steady whilst in China is growing. Also, high fixed cost like rental fee in Hong Kong makes rivalry increases as competitors fght for more market share to survive. So, the threat of intense segment rivalry is medium. The threat of substitutes is rather low as beauty products are hardly replaced by others. Meanwhile, the threat of new entrants is medium as the enter. However, the Buyers power is significant as they can switch to other brands easily and the power of end users is further enhanced by the Internet as some brands offer direct online purchase for consumers. And, the threat from the supplier side is only medium as there are many substitutes in the market and the price usually depends on the volume. In short, the industry has moderate competition, which is still attractive. And, it reveals that major competitors will go on expanding the market, like entering China to strike for better economy of scale effect and solve he limited space and high rent problem in Hong Kong. Also, excellent customer service is a must to serve the buyers and value-added service will be a trend to satisfy them. These two indications favor Sa Sa a bit as she has stepped in China market with excellent customer service at the moment. c. Scan of Sa Sas internal and external environment Credited to Albert Humphreys (Wikipedia, 2006) reseach project, SWOT analysis is a popoular techique to scan one orgranizations internal strengths and weaknesses and externals opportunities and threats. The strengths of Sa Sa has been mentioned n the competitive advantages, like good reputation and branding, long-term relationship with suppliers, private global sourcing team, excellent customer service and extensive network in Hong Kong, her major market. As for weaknesses, her IT infrastructure and operations system cannot match with the fast-paced market, which adversely affects her operation efficiency. And, brand switching is severe and Sa Sa does not have any CRM strategy to maintain customers loyalty. Also, selective distribution in China limits the potential. There are several opportunities provided by the external environment. Firstly, Hong Kong Government policy favors tourism industry and thus attracts more visitors by establishing more infrastructure and scenery spots, like Hong Kong Disneyland and Ngong Ping 360 Cable Car. And also, high quality beauty products are reckoned as the coming trend in Asia countries (Diagonal, 2006), whereas Sa Sa has private labels and own sourcing team to find high quality skin care products, which can help catching up with the opportunities. Besides, China market is a huge market for the sales volume of Chinas beauty business has increased 260 times from 1983 to 2004 (China internet information center, 2006). It further enhances the opportunities as the quality of the local Chinese beauty products fluctuated without quality guarantee. For the threats, high rental fee and limited space for growth in Hong Kong will be the number one threat to Sa Sa whereas competition from other retailers will be another threat to her. d. Opportunities and major challenges of Sa Sa To sum up both industry environment and Sa Sas SWOT, there are 3 major opportunities and 3 major challenges for the organizations. For opportunities, China market is an undeniable potential market whilst Hong Kong market is still attractive under Governments favorable tourism policy. And also, increasing power from buyer favors organization with excellent customer service, together with quality beauty products trend will be great opportunities for Sa Sa. On the other hand, Sa Sa has to face 3 major challenges. Internally, her low operation efficiency because of outdated system is a great challenge to her expansion. Externally, high rental fee and limited space in Hong Kong, together with high brand switching are two other challenges for In order to cope with the captioned opportunities and challenges in the following marketing strategies discussion, lets define the 3 levels strategies first. For the corporate level, market development is a way out to expand the business to a new market with existing products and competencies. (Ansoff, 1957). In the business unit level, with the use of BCG Matrix, existing products are falling into Cash Cows as it has high market share with low growth. And, in the product level, it is falling into maturity stage as (Linda Gorchels, 2000) strong growth with sales diminishing. The latter part will then discusses on Sa Sas current marketing strategies and criticizes on the strategies that are not in line with the above analysis. The current product idth is large as she is selling over 15,000 beauty products with international brands, exclusive brands and private labels. However, as staying at maturity stage, efforts should be paid on modifying the product portfolio as to attract more customers, like sourcing more high quality exclusive brands. And also, value-added service is a way to differentiate with others, like providing skin analysis service and facial treatment in her beauty service salon. In addition, the company utilizes the digital world so as to enhance the sourcing efficiencies though it relates to the system support discussed in the latter part. As for the pricing, she manages to offer competitive prices because of leverage on the economy of scale effect and relationship with suppliers. Same as major competitors, Bonjour, Sa Sa has weekly promotion offer. Although staying at maturity stage, penetration pricing strategy is recommended, which is setting a relatively low initial entry price, a price that is often lower than the eventual market price (Levitt, 1965), selected items for adporting this strategy is more preferable to maintain profit for Sa Sa. And also, Sa Sa is now offering high quality product with low price at the moment, she is using superb value strategy (Levitt, 1965). In fact, as a more cost-efficient business, she should try to push to high value strategy or premium strategy with increasing price and high quality products. It can be synergized with product strategy that sourcing more exclusive high quality brands so that consumers do not have price comparison. According to psychological reason, consumers intend to perceive products with higher quality with premium pricing strategy. One highlight for pricing is the influence of e-marketing in the coming future, pricing for the products are reckoned to be further driven down as consumers an directly purchase without visiting the actual shop, so retailers minimize the processes of supply chain and save cost at rental and operation costs. As for distribution, Sa Sa has extensive distribution network at the moment. Her future direction is in line with the stage characteristic, which is market expansion to China with over 100 stores by 2011. At the same time, the development of online platform with Chinese, English and Korean languages available, it helps to expand overseas market, like Korea and more English and Chinese speaking areas. Lastly, Sa Sa has both pull and push strategies in promotion. As for tackling competitors weekly promotion offer, she also has counter weekly special with promotional print advertising to support on this push strategy. Meanwhile, she also has TVC and thematic print advertising to support her corporate image and two exclusive brands. As stated above, brand switching is severe in the market, so relying on promotion offer is not a sustainable strategy as competitors might adopt cut-throat strategy to like CRM to increase the brand loyalty and prolong customers life-time value. Since setting up a membership system to retain the relationship with customers through DM and newsletter, Sa Sa can have a data pool for upselling to her beauty service and most important can facilitate e-marketing through eDM to the members. f. Ethical marketing discussion Ethical marketing means an honest and factual representation of a product, delivered in a framework of cultural and social values for the consumer. (Wkikipedia, 2006). Why is it important for an organization? It is a total corporate image commuicating to the consumers, like Jean Kilbourne mentioned in Killing Us Softly (Alf Nucifora. , 2006), .. one of the most powerful, socializing forces in the culture. Ads sell more products. They sell images, values, goals, concepts of who we are and who we should be hey shape our attitudes and our attitudes shape our behavior. Therefore, as a leader, Sa Sa should build up a clear ethical corporate image. Though it is currently putting some efforts on social responsibilities, like participating Community Chest, supporting social development in China by fund raising activity and different kinds of donations etc. , it fails to link herself to the area concerned which is associated with the category she is in. For insta nce, Body Shops Against Animal image is very significantly passing environmental friendly message to the ociality. Therefore, a more holistic and consistent campaign is recommended to build up a real social responsible image, like long term Joint promotion with Breast Cancer to project Concern the women, concern the society image. g. Recommendations on problem solvers After analyzing the industry, the organizations SWOT, her 4Ps and ethical marketing issue, it is clear on the strengths and opportunities of Sa Sa. In order to have a better strategic fit, SWOT Matrix will be used, that is Strength-opportunity strategy (S-O), Weakness-opportunity strategy (W-O), Weakness-Threat strategy (W-T) and Strength- Threat strategy (S-T). For fully fit in companys strength and opportunity in the market, S-O strategy is necessary. Sa Sa can make use of her global sourcing and purchasing team to find more unique and exclusive high quality beauty products, which can sharpen her competitive edge in the industry and match with the trend of the industry. On the other hand, Sa Sa should put an effort to enhance her weakness on low operation efficiency so as to match with customers increasing demand on customer service and well-prepare for the increasing flow of visitors under Governments policy. For improving the operation system, Enterprise Resource Planning system (ERP) is recommended to enhance the productivity and managerial control in different business processes. Meanwhile, six sigma project can be used to increase the efficiency of the operation process. In improving its IT infrastructure, Sa Sa can aggressively expand her e-commerce platform so that she can turn weakness into business opportunity. Besides, S-T strategy helps to identify ways that the firm can use its strength to reduce its vulnerability to external threats. Sa Sa has extensive distribution network through e-commerce platform, which helps to avoid the high rental fee and limited space in Hong Kong. And, with her existing business in China, she can expand the market easier and faster than the competitors. No matter what, W-T strategy is always a must to help establishing defensive plan to prevent the threat in the market is severe brand switching, Sa Sa needs to pay full efforts to increase customer loyalty. Customer relationship management, CRM, is a method and technology to manage customers loyalty. By setting up a membership club as well as the system to store useful information, Sa Sa can implement different types of programs, like up-selling different skin care products for a group of members with imilar purchasing history. And also, Sa Sa can cross-sell the members with her beauty service in order to prolong customers life-time value. h. Conclusion With economic downturn and SARS incident in Asia in the past few years, Sa Sa can still manage to gain positive growth annually and stand at a leading position in the retail beauty and service industry, her sustainable competitive advantage of maintaining excellent relationship with suppliers and own global sourcing and purchasing team is a reason to account for the persistent gaining of superior economic performance over time. Barney, 1991; Conner 1991) After thorough nalysis of Porters five forces and SWOT, together with discussion and criticism of current 4Ps and ethical marketing, Sa Sas internal and external factors are visualized. They give insights on directions to tackle the existing problems and potential ones, like market expansion to China, operation system set up to improve efficiencies and prepare for strengthening e-commerce platform, global sourcing to seek for quality competitive products and CRM system to increase brand loyalty. With implementing these problem solvers, Sa Sa can step into next level growth and become a stronger leader in retail beauty group.

Use Avogadros Number to Convert Molecules to Grams

Use Avogadros Number to Convert Molecules to Grams Avogadros number is the number of items in one mole. The number is experimentally determined based on measuring the number of atoms in precisely 12 grams of the carbon-12 isotope, giving a value of approximately  6.022 x 1023. You can use Avogadros number in conjunction with atomic mass to convert a number of atoms or molecules into the number of grams. For molecules, you add together the atomic masses of all the atoms in the compound to get the number of grams per mole. Then you use Avogadros number to set up a relationship between the number of molecules and mass. Heres an example problem that shows the steps: Avogadros Number Example Problem Question: Calculate the mass in grams of 2.5 x 109 H2O molecules. Solution: Step 1 - Determine the mass of 1 mole of H2O To obtain the mass of 1 mole of water, look up the atomic masses for hydrogen and oxygen from the Periodic Table. There are two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen for every H2O molecule, so the mass of H2O is: mass of H2O 2 (mass of H) mass of Omass of H2O 2 ( 1.01 g ) 16.00 gmass of H2O 2.02 g 16.00 gmass of H2O 18.02 g Step 2 - Determine the mass of 2.5 x 109 H2O molecules One mole of H2O is 6.022 x 1023 molecules of H2O (Avogadros number). This relation is then used to convert a number of H2O molecules to grams by the ratio: mass of X molecules of H2O / X molecules mass of a mole of H2O molecules / 6.022 x 1023 molecules Solve for the mass of X molecules of H2O mass of X molecules of H2O ( mass of a mole H2O  · X molecules of H2O ) / 6.022 x 1023 H2O molecules mass of 2.5 x 109 molecules of H2O ( 18.02 g  · 2.5 x 109) / 6.022 x 1023 H2O moleculesmass of 2.5 x 109 molecules of H2O ( 4.5 x 1010) / 6.022 x 1023 H2O moleculesmass of 2.5 x 109 molecules of H2O 7.5 x 10-14 g. Answer The mass of 2.5 x 109 molecules of H2O is 7.5 x 10-14 g. Helpful Tips for Converting Molecules to Grams The key to success for this type of problem is paying attention to the subscripts in a chemical formula. For example, in this problem, there were two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen. If youre getting the incorrect answer for this type of problem, the usual cause is having the number of atoms wrong. Another common problem is not watching your significant figures, which can throw off your answer in the last decimal place.

A Guide to the IB Middle Years Program

A Guide to the IB Middle Years Program The International Baccalaureate ® Diploma Programme is growing in popularity at high schools around the world, but did you know that this curriculum is designed only for students in grades eleven and twelve? It’s true, but it doesn’t mean that younger students have to miss out on the IB curriculum experience. While the Diploma Programme is only for juniors and seniors, the IB also offers programs for younger students. The History of The International Baccalaureate ® Middle Years Programme The International Baccalaureate first introduced the Middle Years Programme in 1994 and has since been adopted by more than 1,300 schools around the world in more than 100 countries. It was originally designed to meet the growing needs of the students in the middle level, which roughly equates to students ages 11-16, at international schools. The International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme, sometimes referred to as MYP, can be adopted by schools of any kind, including both private schools and public schools. The Ages Levels for the Middle Years Program The IB MYP is targeted to students ages 11 through 16, which in the United States, typically refers to students in grades six through ten. There is often a misconception that the Middle Years Programme is only for middle school students, but it in fact offers courses for students in grades nine and ten. Should a high school only offer grades nine and ten, the school may apply for approval to teach only the portions of the curriculum that relate to their appropriate grade levels, and as such, the MYP curriculum is often adopted by high schools that embrace the Diploma Programme, even if the lower grade levels are not offered. In fact, due to the similar nature of MYP and the Diploma Programme, the IB’s Middle Years Programme (MYP) is sometimes  referred to as Pre-IB. Benefits of The Middle Years Programme Course of Study The courses offered in the Middle Years Programme are considered to be preparatory for the highest level of IB study, the diploma program. However, the diploma is not required. For many students, the MYP offers an improved classroom experience, even if the diploma isn’t the end goal. Similar to the diploma program, the Middle Years Programme focuses on providing students with a real-world learning experience, connecting their studies to the world around them. For many students, this form of learning is an engaging way to connect with materials. In general, the Middle Years Programme is considered more of a framework for teaching rather than a strict curriculum. Schools have the ability to design their own programs within set parameters, encouraging teachers to embrace best practices in teaching and cutting edge technology in order to create a program that best fits with the mission and vision of the school. A holistic program, MYP focuses on the student’s entire experience while providing rigorous studies that are implemented through varied learnings strategies. The Approach to Learning and Teaching for the Middle Years Programme Designed as a five-year curriculum for approved schools, the MYP’s goal is to challenge students intellectually and prepare them to be critical thinkers and global citizens. Per the IBO website, â€Å"The MYP aims to help students develop their personal understanding, their emerging sense of self and responsibility in their community.† The program was designed to promote the fundamental concepts of â€Å"intercultural understanding, communication, and holistic learning.† Since the IB Middle Years Programme is offered globally, the curriculum is available in various languages. However, what is offered in each language may vary. A unique aspect of the Middle Years Programme is that the framework can be used in part or in whole, meaning schools and students can elect to engage in a few classes or the entire certificate program, the latter of which carries specific requirements and achievements that must be attained. The Middle Years Programme Curriculum Most students learn best when they can apply their studies to the world around them. The MYP places a high value on this type of immersive learning and promotes a learning environment that embraces real-world applications in all of its studies. To do so, the MYP focuses on eight core subject areas. According to IBO.org, these eight core areas provide, â€Å"a broad and balanced education for early adolescents.† These subject areas include: Language acquisitionLanguage and literatureIndividuals and societiesSciencesMathematicsArtsPhysical and health educationDesign This curriculum typically equates to at least 50 hours of instruction in all of the subjects each year. In addition to taking the required core courses, students also participate in an annual interdisciplinary unit that combines work from two different subject areas, and they also participate in a long-term project. The interdisciplinary unit is designed to help students understand how different areas of study integrate in order to provide a greater understanding of the work at hand. This combination of two different areas of learning helps students make connections between their work and begin to recognize similar concepts and related material. It provides an opportunity for students to delve deeper into their studies and find greater meaning behind what they are learning and the importance of the material in the greater world. The long-term project is a chance for students to delve into topics of study about which they are passionate. This level of personal investment in learning usually means students are more excited and engaged in the tasks at hand. The project also asks students to maintain a personal journal throughout the year to document the project and to meet with teachers, which provides ample opportunity for reflection and self-assessment. In order to qualify for the Middle Years Programme certificate, students much achieve a minimum score on the project. The Flexibility of the Middle Years Program A unique aspect of the IB MYP is that it offers a flexible program. What this means is that unlike other curriculums, IB MYP teachers are not constrained by set text books, topics or assessments, and are able to use the framework of the program and apply its principles to the materials of choice. This allows for what many consider to be a greater level of creativity and the ability to implement learning best practices of any kind, from cutting edge technology to current events and teaching trends. In addition, the Middle Years Program doesn’t have to be taught in its full format. It is possible for a school to apply to be approved to offer only a portion of the IB. For some schools, this means only offering the program in a few of the grades that typically participate in the Middle Years Programme (such as, a high school offering the MYP only to freshmen and sophomores) or a school can request permission to only teach some of the eight typical subject areas. It is not uncommon for a school to request to teach six of the eight core subjects in the final two years of the program. However, with flexibility comes limitations. Similar to the Diploma Programme, students are only eligible to receive recognition (the diploma for higher levels and a certificate for the Middle Years) if they complete the full curriculum and achieve the required standards of performance. Schools wishing their students to be eligible for these forms of recognition must register to participate in what the IB calls the eAssessment, which uses students’ ePortfolios of coursework to evaluate their level of achievement, and also requires students to complete on-screen exams as a secondary measure of aptitude and achievement. A Comparable International Program The IB Middle Years Programme is often compared to the Cambridge IGCSE, which is another popular international education curriculum. The IGCSE was developed more than 25 years ago and is also adopted by schools worldwide. However, there are some key differences in the programs and how students from each assess their preparation for the IB Diploma Programme. The IGCSE is designed for students ages fourteen to sixteen, so doesn’t span as many grades as the Middle Years Programme, and unlike MYP, the IGCSE offers set curriculum in each subject area. Assessments for each program differ, and depending on a student’s learning style, may excel in either program. Students in the IGCSE often still excel in the Diploma Programme but may find it more challenging to adapt to the varied methods for assessment. However, Cambridge offers its own advanced curriculum options for students, so switching curriculum programs isn’t necessary. Students wishing to participate in the IB Diploma Programme typically benefit from participating in the MYP instead of other middle-level programs.

Criticisms of the Federal Reserve System Assignment

Criticisms of the Federal Reserve System - Assignment Example M1 is a category of supply of money that includes all the physical money; that is, currency and coins. It also includes negotiable order of withdrawal accounts and checking accounts. M2 is a category of money supply which includes M1 and saving deposits, market funds, and time related deposits. When M1/M2 is defined commercial institutions such as banks create money in the society. Fiscal policy is the way the government influences its economy through controlling its revenue or taxation and its expenditure. The federal reserve alone controls fiscal policy. If any other governmental entity was involved in this, Fed would have been scraped due to the criticism towards it. it is important to have three different governmental entities so that each one of them serves specific purposes for the public. This ensures that the public receives better services since they are handled efficiently. Fed is there in order to take care of a sensitive issue of money. It has a major influence on the economy of a country and therefore should be handled separately. In monetary policy there is an authority to control money supply to promote economic growth (Paul,

Women and Men Entrepreneurs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Women and Men Entrepreneurs - Essay Example The British Government estimated that by year 2006, there will be 18 to 20 per cent of women-owned business in United Kingdom (SBS, 2005). However, there are always critics about women's performance at micro and small business entrepreneurship. Some commented that women out performance men, while some do not agree. This paper aimed to discuss about the differences between men and women's entrepreneurs from different aspects in term of personal characteristics, motivation, and ethnic and cultural background influence on the performance. Definition for an entrepreneur is someone who pursues a management opportunity regardless of currently available resources (Stevenson, 1989). Entrepreneurs concentrate on maximizing profit, growth and innovative behaviour (Carland et.al, 1984). As in the definition, one who wishes to become entrepreneur would have be courageous, risk-taking, independent and desire for a sense of achievement besides discipline in self. An example of a successful entrepreneur would be Bill Gates that started Microsoft Corporation. With the insight of the future technology development, he braves himself to start-up a business which leads the development of the computer operating system now. Another successful entrepreneur is Winfrey Oprah who started out as a host for a talk-show and finally success as a writer. Bill Gates is a male entity while Winfrey Oprah is a female entity. There is a saying where "men are from mars and women are from venus". This saying provides a lot of space of thought where men and women are so distinctively different. As both names quoted are successful in their own field. The question is - are the differences here contributing to different outcome of their success Is it tougher for a woman to be recognized as success Gender War Though god created Eve from Adam to compliment each other, their relationship turns sour lately. In the past, women have taken a softer role as a homemaker. But, today they can be breadwinner! Women compete with men to get scholarship, education, important roles in business world, earn more money and own more power. The competition created a tense between the relationships of both. Are both cooperating with each other to create more miracles in the society or are they at war Interestingly, this is a very subjective topic! It leads to the critics of role performance of both genders either at work or home. The differences between the personal characteristic, goals, desire and managerial style do provide clues for various behaviours among men and women entrepreneurs. Differences between Men and Women Entrepreneurs Like the saying "men are from Mars and women are from Venus", both genders exhibit different behaviours. Even a man is different from another man, there are a few qualities that makes the entrepreneurs. a. Personality traits Since 1980s, there have been a lot of studies carried out to identify the personal traits of entrepreneurs (Aspray and Cohoon, 2007). They are a group of people who are more than just business man. Focusing on maximizing profit, create innovations and growth, and have a need to achieve, they have certain personality traits which are more than usual white collars. They are risk takers with self-discipline; possess insights and intuition in their own fiel

Greek And Roman Influence On Western Civilization Essay -- greek roman

Western civilization is what we call modern society that mainly includes North America and Western Europe. But how did this western way of life come to be? Their are many different ways but mainly through ancient cultures. The two main ones are the Greek and Roman. Greece with their golden age and Rome with its great Empire and Republic and also together. Their are many ways in which western civilization is like the ancient Greek civilization. They started the Olympic games. Greeks come up with the idea of an alphabet that it still used today. They were the first to think of the idea of democracy. They had common people participate in their government and to elect a leader. Their trials had an actual jury made up of commoners. Greece was the first to think of paying people for their labor. It also had the initial philosophers and thought up of the way we now write literature. Including the idea of putting on a play. One of historyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s greatest writes, Homer, thought up of poems that are story size that we now call epic poems. But it was mainly through government that Greeks influenced the world. The other greatest influence on western civilization is the one of Ancient Rome. They formed a law code much like the ones used now a day in many countries. First to believe someone was innocent tell proven guilty. Had a Senate much like the ones used today, with both upper class and lower class in it. And also had other assemblies. Rome spread the Lat...

Definitions Of Different Types Or Warefare History Essay

Three types of warfare preponderate in civil wars: a ) irregular warfare among unsymmetrically strong officeholders and weak insurrectionists[ 2 ], such as the Algerian civil war and the first stage of the Greek civil war. Contrary to rationally well-founded claims[ 3 ], irregular warfare is non married to inflexibly definite causes ( i.e. radical people ‘s war ) . Asymmetry besides is consistent with another type of force, terrorist act[ 4 ]. B ) regular warfare among symmetrically powerful officeholders and robust insurrectionists[ 5 ], such as the Spanish, American or Greek ( in the 2nd stage ) civil wars. External intercession for the insurrectionists may transform irregular into regular warfare, as in Vietnam war ‘s last stage. degree Celsius ) guerrilla warfare ( symmetric non-conventional[ 6 ]) among symmetrically dynamic officeholders and insurrectionists, such as the Liberian civil war, represented as condemnable or pre-modern type of warfare[ 7 ]. Empirically, frontlines ( e.g. urban roadblocks ) among contending groups distinguish this type of warfare from irregular warfare[ 8 ]. By and large, conventional-type civil wars result preponderantly from putschs d'etat ( i.e. Spanish civil war ) or secessionist motions against federal authoritiess ( i.e. American civil war ) ; irregular-type civil wars originate preponderantly from rural-type insurgences[ 9 ]( i.e. first stage of Chinese civil war ) ; symmetric non-conventional-type civil wars derive from authorities prostration ( i.e. Somali civil war )[ 10 ]. However, these three types of warfare might happen in same civil war in different stages. The heterogeneousness of semantic footings for irregular/guerrilla warfare denotes the repeating predicament for placing a typical class of war[ 11 ]. In fact, guerilla warfare exhibits about 38 nomenclature discrepancies[ 12 ]. No overarchingly precise definition of guerilla warfare has been elaborated in the literature about irregular/guerrilla warfare because this construct is embedded intellectually in a tradition of strategic thought and pattern, non a uniformly thorough definition[ 13 ]. The term â€Å" little war † in the seventeenth century designated civil war[ 14 ], â€Å" la petite guerre † in the eighteenth century denoted particular operations undertaken by particular forces incorporated in regular armed forces-destitute of ideological connotations- whose leaders ‘ names ( â€Å" zealots † ) labelled the groups ‘ members[ 15 ]. During the American Civil War and the Napoleonic Wars, â€Å" partizan warfare † blended crucially with political orientation ; in the Peninsular War, the â€Å" guerilla † signified transformationally non the â€Å" little war † but the Rebels in this â€Å" little war †[ 16 ]. In late nineteenth century, guerrilla/partisan warfare supplemented battles for national release or political revolution, whereas â€Å" little wars † marked the history of colonialism[ 17 ]. The Second World and Cold Wars buttressed a connexion between left-of-center motions and â€Å" radical people ‘s war † owing to communist relief in endeavoring against the Axis and Western colonial powers either for national release or proletarian revolution[ 18 ]. The Cold War ‘s terminal presaged the recession of â€Å" radical people ‘s wars † and the support of â€Å" insurgences † or â€Å" low strength struggles †[ 19 ]. The thorough survey of guerilla warfare is entangled by speculations that need disproval. First, although identified uniformly as the indispensable method of war of the â€Å" weak †[ 20 ], guerilla warfare belongs to the armory of the â€Å" strong † as the interventional usage of Contras against the Sandinistas in Nicaragua by Washington groundss. Second, guerrilla/irregular warfare encompasses non-state dissenters against province suspects, and province against province rivals[ 21 ]as the tactic of the Viet Cong to Hanoi ‘s benefit against Saigon demonstrates. Third, guerrilla/irregular warfare signifies a perennial -yet non paramount- trait of intrastate war[ 22 ]that manifests in guerrilla, conventional and symmetric non-conventional signifiers. Therefore, any antagonist can use guerrilla/irregular warfare in any type of war in chase of political aims[ 23 ]. What is insurgence and counter-insurgency? The U.S. Field Manual 3-24 Counterinsurgency determines insurgence in connexion to pacification as â€Å" †¦ an organized motion aimed at the overthrow of a established authorities through the usage of corruption and armed struggle ( JP 1-02 ) †¦ an insurgence is an organized, protracted politico-military battle designed to weaken the control and legitimacy of an constituted authorities, busying power, or other political authorization while increasing seditious control. Counterinsurgency is military, paramilitary, political, economic, psychological, and civic actions taken by a authorities to get the better of insurgence ( JP 1- 02 ) †¦ insurgence and COIN are included within a wide class of struggle known as irregular warfare. Political power is the cardinal issue in insurgences and pacifications ; each side aims to acquire the people to accept its administration or authorization as legitimate †[ 24 ]. Sir Robert Thompson, a British counter-insurgency theoretician and practician, determined the insurgence ‘s correlativity with political aims within a civil war â€Å" †¦ an insurgence, as a type of war, may take to and be portion of a big conventional struggle, revolution, or civil war. Insurgency, as a method of war, implies the effort to utilize force and irregular signifiers of warfare against a peculiar fraction ( s ) for the express intent of political-military addition, which may subsequently take to inclusion with, or the overthrow of, bing governments. †[ 25 ] David Galula, a Gallic counter-insurgency theoretician and practician, enunciated in similar footings that â€Å" An insurgence is a civil war. †[ 26 ] â€Å" The aim being the population itself, the operations designed to win it over ( for the insurrectionist ) or to maintain it submissive ( for the counterinsurgent ) are basically of a political nature†¦ political action remains first throughout the war †[ 27 ].

An Understanding Of Morality By Using A Social Contract Essay

Introduction: An understanding of morality, the reasons to be moral, and the reasons certain actions are considered morally right or wrong is essential to the task of determining the way society functions and the way individuals ought to act. This task has been at the forefront of ethics in philosophy for centuries. Contractualist ethical theories have proposed answers to these questions. Contractualist ethical theories are essentially theories that explain morality by using a social contract, or agreement. In order to determine whether contractualism has been successful at answering questions of morality a comparison of the two main contractualist theories is necessary. Mutual-advantage contractualism is the first of these theories and argues that morality should be understood as a contract between self motivated parties. However, the disadvantages and objections to the theory have caused some philosophers to favour the second version, reasonable-agreement contractualism. 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