Cyber Attacks On Maritime Targets - 1468 Words

The frequency and severity of cyber-attacks on maritime targets increases every year. Often the damage is not discovered until years later. The cyber-attack on the port of Antwerp began in 2011 and continued until it was discovered in 2013. The Danish Maritime Authority was attacked in 2012 by a virus contained in a PDF (portable document format by Adobe). The virus spread throughout the Maritime Authority’s network and into Danish government institutions before it was discovered in 2014. Reasons for the ever-increasing security exposure include the growing use and interdependence of computer systems, the relative ease and extreme value of executing attacks, and the exceptional difficulty in identifying the culprits and bringing them to justice. Regrettably, some port authorities contribute to their vulnerability by addressing cyber-security as a technology threat best left to IT professionals. On the contrary, successful and serious cyber-attacks are inevitable and the planned response must be subject to the same governance and scrutiny that any existential threat would receive. One reason that port authorities hesitate to engage cyber-threats at the Board level is a lack of appreciation for just how impossible cyber-security is. A more complete understanding of the factors that complicate cyber-security can assist Directors in stepping up to set priorities and oversee contingency and remediation plans. Cyber-risk is a relatively new issue at ports, some of whichShow MoreRelatedDomestic And International Risks Associated With Terrorism And Other Criminal Activity Threats Posed For Port Maritime Operations1715 Words   |  7 Pagesthe port FSO in assessing domestic and international risks associated with terrorism and other criminal activity threats posed to port maritime operations? There are several resources available to the port Facility Security Officer (FSO) in assessing domestic and international risks associated with terrorism and other criminal activity threats posed to port maritime operations. There are also several things to keep in mind as the FSO when trying to assess these risks. The FSO needs to build rapportRead MoreRisk Analysis : Risk Assessment1647 Words   |  7 Pagessimilar in a sense that they all aim at evaluating risk. Once risk can be determined, they can then decipher what types of strategies and decisions that should be used. Of the many risk assessments out there three distinct models who stood out were the Maritime Security Risk Analysis Model (MSRAM), The CARVER model, and lastly the Transportation Sector Security Risk Assessment (TSSRA). This paper will discuss the three risk assessment methodology’s origin, the intended audience, as well as some main elementsRead MoreSecurity Plan For Cyber Security1496 Words   |  6 P agesIn relation to defence spending, it’s visible that there was a positive increase in the year succeeding 2007, directly after the attacks. Though this was dramatically decreased for the following two years, which can be explained by the global economic downturn which begun in 2008 (Grigor†²ev Salikhov, 2009). Therefore it is not possible to conclude that Estonia directly increased spending on defence by a significant figure because of the events that took place in 2007, but it can be deduced thatRead MoreTransnational Crime Essay1890 Words   |  8 Pagesas cross-national crime, global crime, international crime, and transnational crime. In my paper, I will attempt to explain transnational crime and the types of crimes committed under this such as cybercrime, drug trafficking, money laundering, maritime piracy, theft of art and cultural objects, trade in human body parts, and human trafficking In the early twentieth century, citizens feared gangsters such as Al Capone and Baby face Nelson. In modern day society, the everyday technology mostRead MoreOur Nation s Critical Infrastructure1249 Words   |  5 Pageshas seen significant changes to the national policies that protect the population and its critical infrastructure. Two main agencies that arose from the 911 Attacks were the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Department of Homeland Defense (HLD). These two agencies are responsible for protecting countless potential terrorist targets, millions of citizens, and the thousands of miles of U.S boarders. How can two government agencies protect so many assets? This paper will explore the twoRead MorePower Grid Systems ( Essp 2015 )1556 Words   |  7 Pagesforeign and domestic interruptions to the grid system are evaded (ESSP 2015). All possible threats should be looked at, inside and outside the box to have a proactive and not a reactive response. The prepl an interruption scenarios whether it be cyber-attacks, assault on a nuclear plant or a terrorist bombing at a substation to maintain a proactive response to all scenarios should be drilled into the participates as regular and methodical as a military operations (ESSP 2015). At total shutdown of theRead MoreInformation Security For The Energy Sector1549 Words   |  7 Pagesenjoying peace. After the 9/11 attacks, every citizen of the United States is always in fear of what could happen if an attack is waged. Going by the magnitude of the 9/11 attacks, any new attack would catch the country any time and from any quarters. Having this in mind, the security apparatus tasked with securing information in the energy sector should be very keen as the different critical infrastructures in the energy sector could be the next target for a terrorist attack. If a terrorist would haveRead MoreThe Underlying Motivation For Researching The Thought Provoking Construct Of Piracy1800 Words   |   8 Pagesinsights on piracy; and 4) conclusion providing reflection and insights of take-always from an interdisciplinary perspective. Research Motivation In broad daylight during a hot day in 1982, barefooted and shirtless pirates paddling wooden canoes, attack an unarmed U.S. commercial ship delivering humanitarian relief in the seaport of Freetown, Sierra Leone. The shirtless pirates are armed as they swing their grappling hooks and ropes to climb the twenty-five foot starboard hull. The pirates struggledRead MoreA Brief Note On Agro Terrorism And Its Effects On Society1799 Words   |  8 PagesAmericans have become so fixated on a 9/11 type of attack that many others modes of terrorism often go over looked, such as agricultural terrorism (agro terrorism). Agro terrorism can be defined as the intentional release of a disease substance that impacts cattle and other food supply chains that either generates widespread fear or impacts a the social economic climate (Chalk, 2004). The U.S. is vulnerable for such a disruption and cannot wait until an attack occurs before significant action is taken toRead MoreChina s Cyber Attacks Against Us Military2251 Words   |  10 PagesBrandon Pragosa Threat Assessment Dr. Urban 6 June 2015 China’s Cyber Attacks Against US Military Associated Private Firms Introduction: Based on current sources available, we have medium confidence that China will continue to conduct cyber espionage against United States defenses and military systems. It is not a new development as China’s People’s Liberation Army (PLA) cyber team has been behind many attacks against US defense firms and military systems as early as 2007. The KIQ for this

Maslow s Hierarchy Of Needs - 1690 Words

1. What is motivation, and why is it important in the study of consumer behavior? Can motives be measured, and if so, how? Motivation is made of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that drive people to act and behave. This is very important to consumer behavior because unlocking what motivates people will help marketers be able to more efficiently assess the needs of their consumers and to better reach them through messages. Unfortunately, there is not just one thing that influences a person’s motivation, but rather a series of theorized needs. There are many studies and theories on what motivates people, but the lists are often disagreed about and disputed; however, the most recognized theory about motivation is Maslow’s hierarchy of†¦show more content†¦Self-reporting is usually done through questionnaire administered by a researcher, often employing the Likert scale. People are asked how they feel about a statement by responding â€Å"strongly agree† to à ¢â‚¬Å"strongly disagree.† If the person taking the questionnaire to too aware of the goal of the question, they may respond differently than how they actually feel. That said, when the self-report is able to gather honest answers, it can be quite useful. The other way to measure consumers’ motives is through qualitative research. Qualitative research is similar, in a way, to a Rorschach test; both are projective techniques. Similar to an analyst looking for subconscious meaning in a patient’s identification of an inkblot, qualitative researchers look for meaning in the test taker’s response to a stimuli with an unclear message. By doing this, the researcher hopes to find a subconscious motivation within the consumer. This method seems to have the least objective results and often the data can be misread to fit the researcher’s hypothesis. The next way to measure consumer motivation is through motivational research. Motivational research is based of f of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of personality which believes that unconscious desires, like sex, are behind a person’s motivation. Motivational research looks at a consumer’s choice in product and searches for the underlying and/or hidden meaning. An example given in the textbook is that women like to bake cakes in order to fulfill

Scientific Method and Scientist Perspective View Free Essays

Science is a venture that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanation and prediction about what are the things that is happening in the world. A closely related meaning of this is Aristotle’s scientific view, which is scientific knowledge is a body of reliable knowledge that can be logically and rationally explained. Objectivity in the field of science is recognized with the property of scientific measurement that can be tested from the scientist who proposes them freely. We will write a custom essay sample on Scientific Method and Scientist Perspective View or any similar topic only for you Order Now So, it is strongly connected to the aim of testability and reproducibility. To be identified as an objective, the results of measurement must be passed on from person to person and then to be verified for third parties, to be able to understand by the objective world. In my opinion, I believe science is objective because as a scientist perspective view all explanation and prediction must be precise and accurate. And I believe scientist don’t just believe on people’s perspective view. One example of this is when religious people believed that God created everything usually scientist will not believe it without any explanation so they tend to research things that will lead them to their findings. Like the creation of human they believe that human were first apes but due to the environmental changes, this apes tend to adapt to the environment and slowly evolve in to humans. There are a lot of things that affect the objectivity of science. First, the selection of the specific object to measure is typically a subjective decision and it often involves reductionism. One example of this is in an experiment when a scientist is determining a specific finding usually he determines his finding by using subjective interpretation of quantifying terms such as â€Å"cold†, â€Å"hot†, â€Å"blue†, â€Å"tiny†, â€Å"huge†, and â€Å"small†, â€Å"large†, â€Å"gigantic†, â€Å"red†, and some other adjectives that could describe their experiment. Second is the selection of instruments and measurement methodology. Some features or qualities of the object under study will be ignored in the measurement process, and the limitations of the chosen instruments will cause data to be left out of consideration. One example of this is when a scientist wants to know the temperature of the area. He can either use the thermometer to measure directly the temperature or use the barometer to know the humidity of the air and determine the temperature. These two devices can give two different results which can result to a skewed decision. In addition absolute limits of objectivity surrounding the measurement process, can give community of researchers certain â€Å"subjective views†, and this subjectivity is therefore built in to the conceptual systems. In my opinion, we can do a lot of things to improve the objectivity of science. We can avoid the variety of subjective interpretation by using measuring tools like measuring tools like meter stick, stopwatches, thermometer, barometer, electromechanical measuring instruments like the spectrometers, voltmeters, timers, oscilloscopes and gravimeters. These devices eliminate the perspective variability of individual observers. An additional objectivity of science we can also develop the avoiding of such partiality like the cognitive bias, which is an outline of variation in judgment that happens in particular situations, cultural bias, which is the occurrence of interpreting and judging phenomena by standards innate to one’s own culture and sampling bias, is an error that causes some members of the population to not be included than others by doing random sampling and double-bind trials Random sampling is taking a number of independent observations from the same probability distribution, without involving any real population while in the other hand double-bind trials is an experimental procedure in which neither the subjects of the experiment nor the persons administering the experiment know the critical aspects of the experiment. How to cite Scientific Method and Scientist Perspective View, Essay examples

Character Formation free essay sample

Give Your Full Attention to Character Formation 10th June 2010, Chennai, India For some time now, I have been deeply thinking about the reason for the slow progress of abhyasis, and in some cases even about the lack of their progress † total lack of progress. Of course, some are progressing well, but that too is perhaps more because of the personal attention that the Master gives them rather than by their own effort, and I am not referring especially to their spiritual practice but to their lifestyle. You know, in Sahaj Marg we are always talking of the Master giving the inner piritual condition, which for him is a matter of a second, whereas character formation is the responsibility of the abhyasi. I think, in general, abhyasis conveniently think that maybe the Masters role is ninety-nine percent, or more, and the abhyasis role in personal character transformation or formation, is even less than one percent. I am forced to this, shall I say, conclusion, because that is how it appears to be, and people are not really serious about character formation or character transformation. Why I say this is because, as I said before, spirituality is given by the Master and that cannot be doubted, you see. But their outer behaviour, their outer lifestyle, the way they conduct themselves, their politeness or lack of it, and, as repeatedly pointed out to me by abhyasis from all over the world, especially the behaviour of those very close to me † what the outside world calls the inner circle. You know, I used to feel concerned, then I used to feel pained, now I really feel guilty. I feel guilty because the people close to me, my inner circle so-called, are, one and all, arrogant, proud, demanding, oppressive, authoritarian and lack politeness† one and all. Of course, I keep telling them about this. Either they smile it off or they say, Yes, yes, we will change now. But you know, recent affairs, especially when I was in Tiruppur immediately following dear brother Alay Shatters revocation of his nomination to succeed me, it has shown the raw human nature at its worst. Gossiping, condemning, blaming† always others, forgetting the principle that when you point your finger at somebody (one finger), three fingers are pointing towards yourselves. So what to do about this, you see. How to make abhyasis realize that the Masters responsibility or his, what shall we say, duty towards an abhyasi (if I should all it that), is hardly one percent † probably one thousandth or one millionth of a percent; whereas the abhyasis role, responsibility in making himself, transforming himself, should be ninety-nine percent or more. It is exactly opposite. Now, what are the consequences? People close to me think that because I keep them close to me, continue to keep them close to me, they a re blameless, they are really blameless and I am only talking for fun or to show-off or something like that, you know, like chastising a pet. And people who are away from me, but who are close to me in an inner sense, they stay away. I remember BabuJi Maharaj had a dog, Honey; and he was not fond of dogs, but it was there and it remained there. It used to run around chasing the monkeys and he used to tell me with a twinkle in his eye that, You know, Honey recognizes abhyasis, because when abhyasis come, he doesnt bark. He only barks at non-abhyasis. And, you know, I never understood the significance of BabuJi people around me, they are all the time barking, shutting doors, putting away people, using my name for everything that they do. He is ill. He is resting. He is asleep. He told us no, so on and so forth. I get letters from very, very close, devoted abhyasis who love me saying, l cannot come, and I will not come so long as I am stopped. For them too, it is a need to transform themselves, because as BabuJi once said, Two lovers cannot remain separated because the circumstances are not favourable. You know the old saying in English: Love laughs at locksmiths. It doesnt mean it only laughs at locks. The locksmith is symbolic of every circumstance that can come between the lover and the beloved. You remember the old story of the man who was so besotted with a girl that when she went out of town, he followed her. There was a river to cross, and the river was in flood. He did not know what to do and then he found something like a log of wood. He took that log of wood and went across the river; and then he found a light burning in the house on the first floor. He said, That must be my beloveds room. And he saw to his surprise a thick rope hanging, and he said, Oh, she loves me so much that she has left a rope for me, and he climbed up using it. And when he entered the room, the girl was stunned. She said, How did you come? He said Oh, there was a boat, you know, there was a log of wood; I crossed the river. And you have left this rope for me. And to their horror, they found that the log of wood was a human corpse and the rope was a python! Now, suppose that lover had been standing on the opposite side † I mean I am giving a deliberate twist in interpretation to this story. Suppose he had stood there waiting until the flood subsided? Then he found the water was muddy because it was a flooding river. He waited till the water was clear. Then he tested it to make sure that there was no contamination. Then he crossed it. What would have happened? So for devoted, loving souls who use these excuses to not come near, I must emphasize that hey are losing a great deal more than these ruffianly people who surround me and who keep people away. They too will not benefit. So what happens is that the dogs which bark at the visitors dont have anything, and the people who are turned away because the dogs are barking, they have no benefit. So lack of correct appreciation of what character transfor mation means You know, I get letters from wives about their husbands: He continues to drink, he continues to smoke, he continues to beat me. He is misbehaving with the children. I get letters from others you know, from a brother, n elder brother or a younger brother, that: My brother is still indulging in various fantasies. He watches porno movies, he indulges in self-titillation. He is masochistic, and yet to the outside world he looks something different. He will not change himself. He says these are something natural; under pressure of inner psychic needs these things happen. Then there are others who say: My children are being ill-treated. The father beats them regularly. Of course, for me it is my destiny as a wife. So you see, people must understand that sadhana does not begin and end with the morning meditation, with the evening cleaning and the night prayer. It is not the end. That is only the foundation of the practice. The superstructure of what has to be erected is a clean structure † well ventilated, that means behaviour transparent. The man is transparent. If he is a businessman, he must have stopped cheating the government by evading taxes. He must have stopped cheating by adulteration of his products. He cheating his partners, if he is a businessman. Are our people doing it? Or do they say, Sahib, that cannot be done because there would be no profit. They must understand that profit is what legitimately comes by buying and selling honestly, sincerely and correctly. Anything else you get by evading taxes, by cheating partners is robbery. I am sorry I have put it in such strong terms but our friends from the business community, our abhyasis, they often satisfy themselves by saying, Yeh hoga nahin, Saab, kabhi † this is not possible. Business cannot be done this way. I say, the whole world is doing business this way. Why you cannot do it? Then a man says, No, no, Sir. My wife denies me everything. She wont give me proper food. He doesnt talk about sex, which is the main thing between a husband and wife in our society. If that is denied, marriage is a failure. Is there a proper way of conducting your marital life, whether it is social or sexual or in any way else, to be harmonious? Should a man not respect his wifes needs, her privacy, her health condition, her moods, or Just insist on what we call in India in our legal language [as] his marital rights that she must be available any time of the day, twenty-four into seven into three hundred and sixty-six † day or night it doesnt matter. I was horrified to hear a story from an abhyasi long ago that after her child was born, on the third day or fourth day her husband demanded sex. Third or fourth day! Now whether he is a husband or an animal or a brute, who is to say? He says, Its my right. Its an interpretation solely to the purpose of a, shall we say, crazy fellow who has sufficient power to enforce his will upon another, to use the principles of marriage to his own purpose and ignoring completely that she may have Just had a child. It doesnt matter. So what? She is a woman, isnt she? So those of you who are going to listen to this, I dont know how you will take all this. But, you know, I should have spoken about this years ago. But I was perhaps too optimistic or too foolish or perhaps even too fraid to put across these ideas to my abhyasis and tell them: Sisters and brothers, this is what is required of you. Always love. Love does not mean lust. Love means giving; love does not mean taking. Love means consideration for others; not a selfish concern for your own self and what you need and what you want. Love means, your income (legitimate), is yours; nothing more. Love means, in a partnership in business, if it is an equal partnership I cannot rob others. Suppose they rob me? Love means first and foremost putting yourself in the place of another before you speak and before you act. If these things are not followed and applied to your own life, dear brothers and sisters, whatever may be the spiritual input that our Master gives us, graces us with, blesses us with, will be lost. Because it is my samskara that I will carry with me into my next life, God forbid if there is a next life, and they are governed by what we do here, what we think here, which is how samskaras are born. So I say, beware, be alert, understand these principles properly, apply them to your own life, examine yourself. If necessary, in your diary be very frank and say, l have stopped beating my wife. Truth, if it is the truth. l have stopped telling lies to my partners. I have stopped cheating. I have stopped adulterating. I have stopped self-titillating. I have stopped beating my children. All these are relevant to your spiritual diary, if you want to be honest about it, so that anybody can read what you have written. Then only you will be aware. Because now, you know, we live in the secrecy of our personality is what I show to the outside world. My true self is inside, secret, safely buried, and I am blissfully thinking that by Masters grace I will evolve, I will go to the Brighter World, et cetera, et cetera, et cetera. The Master is magnanimous. He loves us, he wants to give us everything that he has, but his limitation is that unless the vessel is clean he cannot put anything else into it. We are in a situation where the Master gives us, let us say, a hundred gallon tank of milk, and two drops of poison which is our contribution, ruins it. It is so potent † human will, human endeavour is so potent. As BabuJi said, You can train a lion to do what you want in six months. But its impossible to train a human being over a whole lifetime unless he or she cooperates. What is the cooperation that I am now trying to emphasize that an bhyasi should offer to the Master? Full attention to character transformation, knowing that the spiritual part is being attended to by him, meticulously, every moment of our life, with total concern for our spiritual welfare and our future. I exhort all of you who will listen to this to take it seriously; if necessary, read this again and again if it is available in wri tten form, and apply it every moment of your life. Think ten times before you address your friend. Think twenty times before you refuse somebody entry into my place to meet me. Do not shout; imagine what it would be like if somebody shouted at you. Do not push people; you dont like to be pushed. Do not force yourself on your wife. And do not make negative comments all the time. There is no salt in this, there is no sugar in this. You are ugly, you know I dont want to see anything in you. Because, by force of circumstances, call it health, call it whatever it is, I really cannot see any of you now, beyond six feet, and my seeing your spiritual condition if I am able to do it, is of no use, because what is going to carry you into the next level of spiritual welfare, spiritual achievement, is you yourself. I pray for all of you .